Industry has expanded the usage of DRM to more traditional hardware products, such as Keurig's coffeemakers, Philips' light bulbs, mobile device power chargers, and John Deere's tractors. However, Apple dropped DRM from all iTunes music files around 2009. Many online music stores, such as Apple's iTunes Store, and e-book publishers and vendors, such as OverDrive, also use DRM, as do cable and satellite service operators, to prevent unauthorized use of content or services. DRM is in common use by the entertainment industry ( e.g., audio and video publishers). These technologies have been criticized for restricting individuals from copying or using the content legally, such as by fair use. DRM technologies enable content publishers to enforce their own access policies on content, such as restrictions on copying or viewing. Encryption, scrambling of expressive material and embedding of a tag, which is designed to control access and reproduction of information, including backup copies for personal use. Ĭommon DRM techniques include restrictive licensing agreements: The access to digital materials, copyright and public domain is restricted to consumers as a condition of entering a website or when downloading software. Such laws are part of the United States' Digital Millennium Copyright Act, and the European Union's Information Society Directive (the French DADVSI is an example of a member state of the European Union ('EU') implementing the directive). Worldwide, many laws have been created which criminalize the circumvention of DRM, communication about such circumvention, and the creation and distribution of tools used for such circumvention. DRM technologies try to control the use, modification, and distribution of copyrighted works (such as software and multimedia content), as well as systems within devices that enforce these policies. Technology to control access to copyrighted works and prevent unauthorized copyingĭigital rights management ( DRM) tools or technological protection measures ( TPM) are a set of access control technologies for restricting the use of proprietary hardware and copyrighted works.

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